Travel ban as eight die of incurable virus and risk of spread is ‘high’ – Wales Online
The World Health Organisation has warned that the risk of a fatal, incurable disease spreading is ‘high’ following 26 cases and eight deaths. Health authorities are currently tracing 300 individuals who may have had contact with those infected with Marburg Virus Disease. The Rwanda Ministry of Health has reported the country’s first outbreak of the disease, with cases found in seven out of 30 districts. More than 70% of confirmed cases are healthcare workers from health facilities in Kigali, receiving treatment in hospitals. The Government of Rwanda is leading the response effort with support from WHO and other partners.
Marburg Virus Disease, a highly virulent illness causing haemorrhagic fever, is similar to Ebola. People contract the Marburg virus primarily through close contact with Rousettus bats, found in caves or mines, known to carry the virus. The virus spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or materials. WHO urges early medical care for symptoms resembling Marburg virus, advising against travel and trade restrictions with Rwanda. Strains of MVD have previously been reported in neighbouring countries, with recent outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania.
Symptoms of Marburg virus include high fever, severe headache, malaise, watery diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and haemorrhagic manifestations. The disease progresses rapidly, with fatal cases typically experiencing bleeding and shock leading to death around eight to nine days post-symptom onset. Healthcare workers and individuals participating in burial ceremonies with direct contact to the deceased are at higher risk of infection. Currently, no specific treatment or vaccine exists, though ongoing vaccine development efforts are underway. The incubation period ranges from two to 21 days, with severe cases showing haemorrhagic signs usually after five to seven days.
Given the potential for international spread, with cases detected in regions bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda, the risk assessment categorises the outbreak as high on regional levels and low globally. WHO suggests caution in international travel to Rwanda due to the confirmed cases present in areas with international transportation links. While the investigation into the infection source continues, healthcare measures emphasise early recognition and supportive care to improve patient outcomes.
Based on current understanding, the WHO advises against imposing travel and trade restrictions with Rwanda to contain the spread of Marburg Virus Disease. Vigilance in identifying symptoms and seeking medical attention promptly are crucial steps in managing the outbreak situation effectively.